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If you are developing on Windows and want to connect a device for testing,then you need to install the appropriate USB driver. This pageprovides links to the web sites for several original equipment manufacturers (OEMs),where you can download the appropriate USB driver for your device.

If you're developing on Mac OS X or Linux, then you shouldn't need a USB driver.Instead read Using Hardware Devices.

To connect and debug with any of the Google Nexus devices using Windows, youneed to install the Google USB driver.

Download Mobile Phones drivers for Windows, firmware, bios, tools, utilities. Snapdragon 888 Mobile Hardware Development Kit; Snapdragon 865 Mobile Hardware Development Kit; Snapdragon 855 Mobile Hardware Development Kit; Snapdragon 845 Mobile Hardware Development Kit; Snapdragon 835 Mobile Hardware Development Kit; Snapdragon 660 Mobile Hardware Development Kit.

Install a USB driver

First, find the appropriate driver for your device from the OEM driverstable below.

Once you've downloaded your USB driver, follow the instructions below to install or upgrade thedriver, based on your version of Windows and whether you're installing for the first timeor upgrading an existing driver. Then see Using Hardware Devices forother important information about using an Android device fordevelopment.

Caution:You may make changes to android_winusb.inf file found insideusb_driver (for example, to add support for other devices),however, this will lead to security warnings when you install or upgrade thedriver. Making any other changes to the driver files may break the installationprocess.

Windows 10

To install the Android USB driver on Windows 10 for the first time, do the following:

1. Connect your Android device to your computer's USB port.
2. From Windows Explorer, open Computer Management.
3. In the Computer Management left pane, select Device Manager.
4. In the Device Manager right pane, locate and expand Portable Devices or Other Devices, depending on which one you see.
5. Right-click the name of the device you connected, and then select Update Driver Software.
6. In the Hardware Update wizard, select Browse my computer for driver software and click Next.
7. Click Browse and then locate the USB driver folder. For example, the Google USB Driver is located in android_sdkextrasgoogleusb_driver.
8. Click Next to install the driver.

Windows 8.1

To install the Android USB driver on Windows 8.1 for the first time, do the following:

1. Connect your Android device to your computer's USB port.
2. Access search, as follows:

   Touch screen: On your computer, swipe in from the right edge of the screen and tap Search.

   Using a mouse: Point to the lower-right corner of the screen, move the mouse pointer up, and then click Search.

3. In the search box, type into and then click Device Manager.
4. Double-click the device category, and then double-click the device you want.
5. Click the Driver tab, click Update Driver, and follow the instructions.

Windows 7

To install the Android USB driver on Windows 7 for the first time, do the following:

1. Connect your Android device to your computer's USB port.
2. Right-click on Computer from your desktop or Windows Explorer, and select Manage.
3. Select Devices in the left pane.
4. Locate and expand Other device in the right pane.
5. Right-click the device name (such as Nexus S) and select Update Driver Software. This will launch the Hardware Update Wizard.
6. Select Browse my computer for driver software and click Next.
7. Click Browse and locate the USB driver folder. (The Google USBDriver is located in android_sdkextrasgoogleusb_driver.)
8. Click Next to install the driver.

Or, to upgrade an existing Android USB driver on Windows 7 and higher with the newdriver:

1. Connect your Android device to your computer's USB port.
2. Right-click on Computer from your desktop or Windows Explorer, and select Manage.
3. Select Device Manager in the left pane of the Computer Management window.
4. Locate and expand Android Phone in the right pane.
5. Right-click on Android Composite ADB Interface and select Update Driver. This will launch the Hardware Update Wizard.
6. Select Install from a list or specific location and click Next.
7. Select Search for the best driver in these locations; uncheckSearch removable media; and check Include this location in thesearch.
8. Click Browse and locate the USB driver folder. (The Google USBDriver is located in android_sdkextrasgoogleusb_driver.)
9. Click Next to upgrade the driver.

Get OEM drivers

If you don't see a link for the manufacturer of your device here, go to the support section of the manufacturer's website and search for USB driver downloads for your device.

This project is about bringing Gentoo users and developers home to their mobile devices. It aims to produce an environment indifferent to that of desktop computers. It strives to liberate the computers in our pockets with Gentoo philosophy and style, as an ultimate response to Free Software Foundation(FSF)'s concerns on the freedom for mobile computing.

Introduction

Drivers Linux Developer Community Mobile Phones & Portable Devices Download

The mobile devices today become more powerful than desktop computers 10 years ago. As the hardware performance boosts, the software becomes a flexible part of the system. The pursuit of software freedom on desktop computers carries naturally to mobile ones.

FSF has recognized the freedom for mobile computing early on. With a GPL-licensed Linux kernel and a Apache-licensed userland, Android is a big step forward for the smartphones, tablets and multimedia centers. At the same time, as FSF points out, there is still a long way to go to regain full control of our own devices.

Vendors have put effort to make their source code open. However, it is rather challenging to figure out exactly how to build from the source a usable system. Patches for Linux kernels from vendors should be tracked. The proprietary binary blobs to drive certain hardware should be carefully analyzed and documented. The bootloaders and flashing tools vary across vendors and impose artificial restrictions for either practical or profit reasons.

LineageOS (forked from Project cyanogenmod) is another step forward in that its build system, finely version controlled, tracks the details needed to build a working system. The development cycle of cyanogenmod is to cross compile, flash the image and test. This is the common practice in 'ROM' development in the Android community. Although originally meaning Read-Only Memory, 'ROM' in the Android context means the partitions of flash memory that hold the Linux kernel and the Android userland. The same practice is taken by vendor-specific Android variants, and the original Android Open Source Project. The ROMs ease the software distribution of big vendors to have every single device install exactly the same partition images. But unfortunately for users, ROMs impose artificial restrictions in updating and tinkering the system.

With the advancement of mobile computing power, native compiling righton the device becomes feasible. It is possible to introducepackage management to ROM developments, to bring the flexibility ofAndroid apps to Android ROMs. This makes development and porting moredirect and easier. With the help of an additional GNU userland, thedevelopment and test on the mobile devices will be no different fromdeveloping desktop computer applications: our phone becomes morehackable and more enjoyable to tweak with.

Gentoo is good at managing building recipes with utmost clarity and elegance by its Portage/Ebuild package management system. Ebuilds are the most suitable installation documentations that are able to be executed and verified to work. Gentoo has the potential to make native development environment for mobile devices a reality.

To achieve our ultimate goal of mobile computation freedom, threestages are required. First, a set of tools familiar to a GNU/Linuxuser should be installed by Gentoo Prefix. Second, the Linux kernelshould be recompiled and customized using the Gentoo Prefix tools bythe user. Finally, GNU userland should be able to access input/outputperipherals (like HDMI video/audio output, USB keyboard, etc.) andhave an X window system. Android and GNU userlands should beintegrated by message passing interfaces and framebuffer copying andsharing.

Gentoo Prefix

The development of Android does not happen in Android itself, but in the software development kit(SDK) elsewhere. When the end product is compiled and distributed, the only feasible way to change the system is to flash the whole partition again with another customized whole partition image.

This step is to provide a new way of development by deploying a powerful environment, Gentoo Prefix, into the mobile device that feels natural to every UNIX user.

Gentoo Prefix installs an instance of Gentoo in to a directory prefix, along with Android userland, sharing the same Linux kernel. Because Android system usually sits in /system directory, it is possible to install a native Gentoo into root directory /. But since / is managed by initramfs in Android, the actual native Gentoo has to be installed to another directory and symlinked back to /. To avoid such a burden, Gentoo Prefix is preferred. Furthermore, Gentoo Prefix has the potential to be deployed with a normal user on non-rooted devices.

Anything available in Gentoo is in Gentoo Prefix. A set of toolchain, an editor and a shell are especially useful for further development, debugging, and hacking.

Installation

You can either install by the precompiled stage3 tarball or, if brave enough, by building the Gentoo on Android manually.

Compatibility

The device list records all the device test results, compiled by users.

Linux kernel

Android has deep (and sometimes in-house) customizations to the official Linux kernel. Third party vendors further customize the Android source. These sources scatters over the Internet. Using ebuilds to track patchsets and customized sources is the Gentoo-preferred way to handle this complexity.

When necessary, the ebuilds should acknowledge the fact that a set of git repositories are mananged by the repo tool, and leverage the information in repo metadata. The kernel ebuilds should also refer to LineageOS build recipies either manually or automatically.

For every supported device, a set of default kernel config should be provided along with the kernel source and patchset. Portage should be able to compile a usable custom kernel from the ebuilds. To run the custom kernels, a bootloader unlocked device is necessary.

Display sharing

After gaining full control of the kernel, we could develop something new and cool.

Webtop (dead) fromMotorola makes use of the HDMI output for their X servers. In suchsystems SurfaceFlinger of Android and X independently use twoframebuffers, which in turn, relies on two independent graphicsoutputs, namely local display and HDMI. Products following the similarconcept include ASUS Padfone, Microsoft Continuum and Samsung DeX. Discontinued efforts include Ubuntu for android and Remix OS.

It is also very helpful to have local display shared between SurfaceFlinger and X. HDMI output with an external monitor is not always available, and X on local display will become an interesting application on a Android tablet.

The feature can be realized by hacking framebuffer in the kernel. Write a framebuffer multiplexer: a void framebuffer driver, which can either drop the data written into it or forward the data to another framebuffer. Controlling this framebuffer multiplexer via sysfs will allow userland to select the real source of a framebuffer.

Drivers Linux Developer Community Mobile Phones & Portable Devices Wireless

The Graphics Architecture of Chromium OS offers an interesting option. It could render Android graphics and X, all sharing the same display. It makes this option more viable for the fact that Chromium OS is built by Gentoo portage.

Drivers Linux Developer Community Mobile Phones & Portable Devices Using

Userland integration

Motorola has demonstrated a revolutionary concept to have GNU and Android integrated together. Its Webtop product, until version 2.0, features a Ubuntu GNU userland running aside Android and introduced a>Embedded Kernel HackerMaintain the kernel ebuilds for mobile devices.Experience with kernel and embedded systemsheroxbd@gentoo.orgAndroid DeveloperDevelop a solution of Wayland based on Android graphic drivers based on libhybris, preferrably sharing framebuffer with Android.Familiar with Gentoo Prefix (and its RAP variant), and Android. Familiar with X11 and Wayland. Experience with C.heroxbd@gentoo.org

Drivers Linux Developer Community Mobile Phones & Portable Devices Available

See Also